Well it took me a while to write my first post but I was really thinking what do I really wanted to start writing about?? what was good that I can write for my first post……SO after much thinking I just gave up and decided to just write posts about stuff that I would need to use later on so I can remember commands and stuff that I would need later if any case so let me start.
Nmap
Aaaah the favorite scanning tool for any pen-tester as It is powerful and complete in so many ways can Scan UDP and TCP ports check if hosts are alive and evade firewalls (in some cases) all depends on how you are using it this is one of my favorite cheatsheets by High on Coffee:
Nmap in a nutshell
- Host discovery
- Port discovery / enumeration
- Service discovery
- Operating system version detection
- Hardware (MAC) address detection
- Service version detection
- Vulnerability / exploit detection, using Nmap scripts (NSE)
Nmap Examples
Basic Nmap scanning examples, often used at the first stage of enumeration.
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
nmap -sP 10.0.0.0/24 |
Ping scans the network, listing machines that respond to ping. |
nmap -p 1-65535 -sV -sS -T4 target |
Full TCP port scan using with service version detection – usually my first scan, I find T4 more accurate than T5 and still “pretty quick”. |
nmap -v -sS -A -T4 target |
Prints verbose output, runs stealth syn scan, T4 timing, OS and version detection + traceroute and scripts against target services. |
nmap -v -sS -A -T5 target |
Prints verbose output, runs stealth syn scan, T5 timing, OS and version detection + traceroute and scripts against target services. |
nmap -v -sV -O -sS -T5 target |
Prints verbose output, runs stealth syn scan, T5 timing, OS and version detection. |
nmap -v -p 1-65535 -sV -O -sS -T4 target |
Prints verbose output, runs stealth syn scan, T4 timing, OS and version detection + full port range scan. |
nmap -v -p 1-65535 -sV -O -sS -T5 target |
Prints verbose output, runs stealth syn scan, T5 timing, OS and version detection + full port range scan. |
Nmap scan from file
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
nmap -iL ip-addresses.txt |
Scans a list of IP addresses, you can add options before / after. |
Nmap output formats
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
nmap -sV -p 139,445 -oG grep-output.txt 10.0.1.0/24 |
Outputs “grepable” output to a file, in this example Netbios servers.
E.g, The output file could be grepped for “Open”. |
nmap -sS -sV -T5 10.0.1.99 --webxml -oX - |
Export nmap output to HTML report. |
Nmap Netbios Examples
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
nmap -sV -v -p 139,445 10.0.0.1/24 |
Find all Netbios servers on subnet |
nmap -sU --script nbstat.nse -p 137 target |
Nmap display Netbios name |
nmap --script-args=unsafe=1 --script |
Nmap check if Netbios servers are vulnerable to MS08-067 |
Nmap Nikto Scan
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
nmap -p80 10.0.1.0/24 -oG - | nikto.pl -h - |
Scans for http servers on port 80 and pipes into Nikto for scanning. |
nmap -p80,443 10.0.1.0/24 -oG - | nikto.pl -h - |
Scans for http/https servers on port 80, 443 and pipes into Nikto for scanning. |
Nmap Cheatsheet
Target Specification
Nmap allows hostnames, IP addresses, subnets.
Example blah.highon.coffee, nmap.org/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-iL |
inputfilename: Input from list of hosts/networks |
-iR |
num hosts: Choose random targets |
--exclude |
host1[,host2][,host3],… : Exclude hosts/networks |
--excludefile |
exclude_file: Exclude list from file |
Host Discovery
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-sL |
List Scan – simply list targets to scan |
-sn |
Ping Scan – disable port scan |
-Pn |
Treat all hosts as online — skip host discovery |
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist] |
TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports |
-PE/PP/PM |
ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes |
-PO[protocol list] |
IP Protocol Ping |
-n/-R |
Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] |
Scan Techniques
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-sS |
TCP SYN scan Connect scan ACK scan Window scan Maimon scan |
-sU |
UDP Scan |
-sN |
TCP Null scan FIN scan Xmas scan |
--scanflags |
Customize TCP scan flags |
-sI zombie host[:probeport] |
Idle scan |
-sY |
SCTP INIT scan COOKIE-ECHO scan |
-sO |
IP protocol scan |
-b "FTP relay host" |
FTP bounce scan |
Port Specification and Scan Order
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-p |
Specify ports, e.g. -p80,443 or -p1-65535 |
-p U:PORT |
Scan UDP ports with Nmap, e.g. -p U:53 |
-F |
Fast mode, scans fewer ports than the default scan |
-r |
Scan ports consecutively – don’t randomize |
--top-ports "number" |
Scan “number” most common ports |
--port-ratio "ratio" |
Scan ports more common than “ratio” |
Service Version Detection
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-sV |
Probe open ports to determine service/version info |
--version-intensity "level" |
Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes) |
--version-light |
Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2) |
--version-all |
Try every single probe (intensity 9) |
--version-trace |
Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging) |
Script Scan
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-sC |
equivalent to –script=default |
--script="Lua scripts" |
“Lua scripts” is a comma separated list of directories, script-files or script-categories |
--script-args=n1=v1,[n2=v2,...] |
provide arguments to scripts |
-script-args-file=filename |
provide NSE script args in a file |
--script-trace |
Show all data sent and received |
--script-updatedb |
Update script database |
--script-help="Lua scripts" |
Show help about scripts |
OS Detection
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-O |
Enable OS Detection |
--osscan-limit |
Limit OS detection to promising targets |
--osscan-guess |
Guess OS more aggressively |
Timing and Performance
Options which take TIME are in seconds, or append ‘ms’ (milliseconds), ‘s’ (seconds), ‘m’ (minutes), or ‘h’ (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-T 0-5 |
Set timing template – higher is faster (less accurate) |
--min-hostgroup SIZE |
Parallel host scan group sizes |
--min-parallelism NUMPROBES |
Probe parallelization |
--min-rtt-timeout TIME |
Specifies probe round trip time |
--max-retries TRIES |
Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions |
--host-timeout TIME |
Give up on target after this long |
--scan-delay TIME |
Adjust delay between probes |
--min-rate NUMBER |
Send packets no slower than NUMBER per second |
--max-rate NUMBER |
Send packets no faster than NUMBER per second |
Firewalls IDS Evasion and Spoofing
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-f; --mtu VALUE |
Fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU) |
-D decoy1,decoy2,ME |
Cloak a scan with decoys |
-S IP-ADDRESS |
Spoof source address |
-e IFACE |
Use specified interface |
-g PORTNUM |
Use given port number |
--proxies url1,[url2],... |
Relay connections through HTTP / SOCKS4 proxies |
--data-length NUM |
Append random data to sent packets |
--ip-options OPTIONS |
Send packets with specified ip options |
--ttl VALUE |
Set IP time to live field |
--spoof-mac ADDR/PREFIX/VENDOR |
Spoof NMAP MAC address |
--badsum |
Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum |
Nmap Output Options
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-oN |
Output Normal |
-oX |
Output to XML |
-oS |
Script Kiddie / 1337 speak… sigh |
-oG |
Output greppable – easy to grep nmap output |
-oA BASENAME |
Output in the three major formats at once |
-v |
Increase verbosity level use -vv or more for greater effect |
-d |
Increase debugging level use -dd or more for greater effect |
--reason |
Display the reason a port is in a particular state |
--open |
Only show open or possibly open ports |
--packet-trace |
Show all packets sent / received |
--iflist |
Print host interfaces and routes for debugging |
--log-errors |
Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file |
--append-output |
Append to rather than clobber specified output files |
--resume FILENAME |
Resume an aborted scan |
--stylesheet PATH/URL |
XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML |
--webxml |
Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML |
--no-stylesheet |
Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output |
Misc Nmap Options
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
-6 |
Enable IPv6 scanning |
-A |
Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute |
--datedir DIRNAME |
Specify custom Nmap data file location |
--send-eth |
Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets |
--privileged |
Assume that the user is fully privileged |
--unprivileged |
Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges |
-V |
Show nmap version number |
-h |
Show nmap help screen |
Something extra that I would like to add on script scan is a command # –script all
## Uses all the scripts available on nmap it might take a while!!!
Nikto
NIkto another favorite for web scanning amazing tool still hasn’t been updated for a while (2012) but wow do you find out how many people still use outdated applications and web servers its just insane but stil a valuable tool this is a pretty straight up tool and not much to write here but never forget to use this tool its pretty amazing
Skipfish
Ooooh this new tool I just found by a lot of reading of course it is amazing got to keep it in my arsenal since its pretty awesome and has a nice HTML file once scanning is done.Warning!!! It takes a while to scan but its worth it this tool is useful do not forget this one
Vega
Its another of my personal favorites has a beautiful and simple GUI easy to understand and easy to even use all you do is just type in the full website it can be IP or DNS and its ready to go just be careful it sounds many alarms and can be really have a deep scanning that takes hours to days!!
Whatweb
For what says in the Kali tools web page
WhatWeb identifies websites. Its goal is to answer the question, “What is that Website?”. WhatWeb recognises web technologies including content management systems (CMS), blogging platforms, statistic/analytics packages, JavaScript libraries, web servers, and embedded devices. WhatWeb has over 1700 plugins, each to recognise something different. WhatWeb also identifies version numbers, email addresses, account IDs, web framework modules, SQL errors, and more.
WAfw00f
WAFW00F – Web Application Firewall Detection Tool
Exactly what it is…
Golismero
GoLismero is a free software framework for security testing. It’s currently geared towards web security, but it can easily be expanded to other kinds of scans. It can run their own security tests and manage a lot of well known security tools (OpenVas, Wfuzz, SQLMap, DNS recon, robot analyzer…) take their results, feedback to the rest of tools and merge all of results. And all of this automatically.
And just so many other tools out there the tools are just to plenty and all great a quick list is
- WPScan
- Joomscan
- CMS
- Burp Suite
- Sparta
- OpenVas
- Nessus
- Much more!!
DMCXBLUE 